Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Market 2023 by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2029

  • receipt Report ID : 141846
  • calendar_today Published On: Jan, 2023
  • file_copy Pages: 165
  • list Machinery & Equipments
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According to our latest study, the global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor market size was valued at USD 13300 million in 2022 and is forecast to a readjusted size of USD 16860 million by 2029 with a CAGR of 3.4% during review period. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.

Global key players of gear reducer and gear reducer motor include SEW-EURODRIVE, Flender, etc. Global top 3 companies hold a share over 30%. China is the largest market, with a share about 30%, followed by Europe and North America with the share about 20% respectively. In terms of product, gear box is the largest segment, with a share over 70%. And in terms of application, the largest application is machinery, with a share over 60%.

This report is a detailed and comprehensive analysis for global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor market. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses are presented by manufacturers, by region & country, by Type and by Application. As the market is constantly changing, this report explores the competition, supply and demand trends, as well as key factors that contribute to its changing demands across many markets. Company profiles and product examples of selected competitors, along with market share estimates of some of the selected leaders for the year 2023, are provided.

Key Features:

Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor market size and forecasts, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (K Units), and average selling prices (US$/Unit), 2018-2029

Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor market size and forecasts by region and country, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (K Units), and average selling prices (US$/Unit), 2018-2029

Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor market size and forecasts, by Type and by Application, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (K Units), and average selling prices (US$/Unit), 2018-2029

Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor market shares of main players, shipments in revenue ($ Million), sales quantity (K Units), and ASP (US$/Unit), 2018-2023

The Primary Objectives in This Report Are:

To determine the size of the total market opportunity of global and key countries

To assess the growth potential for Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor

To forecast future growth in each product and end-use market

To assess competitive factors affecting the marketplace

This report profiles key players in the global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor market based on the following parameters - company overview, production, value, price, gross margin, product portfolio, geographical presence, and key developments. Key companies covered as a part of this study include SEW-EURODRIVE, Flender, Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd, NORD and Bonfiglioli, etc.

This report also provides key insights about market drivers, restraints, opportunities, new product launches or approvals, COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War Influence.

Market Segmentation

Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor market is split by Type and by Application. For the period 2018-2029, the growth among segments provides accurate calculations and forecasts for consumption value by Type, and by Application in terms of volume and value. This analysis can help you expand your business by targeting qualified niche markets.

Market segment by Type

Gear Motor

Gear Box

Market segment by Application

Logistics

Machinery

Automobile

Others

Major players covered

SEW-EURODRIVE

Flender

Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd

NORD

Bonfiglioli

Dana Motion Systems

JiangSu TaiLong Decelerator Machinery Co.,Ltd.

JIE Group co.,LTD

Boneng Transmission (Suzhou) Co., Ltd

DONLY

Nanjing High Accurate Drive Equipment Manufacturing Group Co., Ltd

Zhejiang Tongli Transmission Technology Co., Ltd

Jiangyin Gearbox

Supror

FIXED STAR

Market segment by region, regional analysis covers

North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)

Europe (Germany, France, United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, and Rest of Europe)

Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, Southeast Asia, and Australia)

South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, and Rest of South America)

Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, South Africa, and Rest of Middle East & Africa)

The content of the study subjects, includes a total of 15 chapters:

Chapter 1, to describe Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor product scope, market overview, market estimation caveats and base year.

Chapter 2, to profile the top manufacturers of Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor, with price, sales, revenue and global market share of Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor from 2018 to 2023.

Chapter 3, the Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor competitive situation, sales quantity, revenue and global market share of top manufacturers are analyzed emphatically by landscape contrast.

Chapter 4, the Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor breakdown data are shown at the regional level, to show the sales quantity, consumption value and growth by regions, from 2018 to 2029.

Chapter 5 and 6, to segment the sales by Type and application, with sales market share and growth rate by type, application, from 2018 to 2029.

Chapter 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, to break the sales data at the country level, with sales quantity, consumption value and market share for key countries in the world, from 2017 to 2022.and Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor market forecast, by regions, type and application, with sales and revenue, from 2024 to 2029.

Chapter 12, market dynamics, drivers, restraints, trends, Porters Five Forces analysis, and Influence of COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War.

Chapter 13, the key raw materials and key suppliers, and industry chain of Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor.

Chapter 14 and 15, to describe Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor sales channel, distributors, customers, research findings and conclusion.

Frequently Asked Questions

The base year for the study has been considered 2019, historic year 2014 and 2018, the forecast period considered is from 2020 to 2027. The regions analyzed for the market include North America, Europe, South America, Asia Pacific, and Middle East and Africa. These regions are further analyzed at the country-level. The study also includes attractiveness analysis of type, application and regions which are benchmarked based on their market size, growth rate and attractiveness in terms of present and future opportunity for understanding the future growth of the market.

Market is segmented on the basis:

  • By Type
  • By Application
  • By Region
  • By Country
  • By Manufacturer

The report offers in-depth analysis of driving factors, opportunities, restraints, and challenges for gaining the key insight of the market. The report emphasizes on all the key trends that play a vital role in the enlargement of the market from 2019 to 2026.

The report provides company profile of the key players operating in the market and a comparative analysis based on their business overviews industry offering, segment market share, regional presence, business strategies, innovations, mergers & acquisitions, recent developments, joint venture, collaborations, partnerships, SWOT analysis, and key financial information.

1 Market Overview

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor

1.2 Market Estimation Caveats and Base Year

1.3 Market Analysis by Type

1.3.1 Overview: Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value by Type: 2018 Versus 2022 Versus 2029

1.3.2 Gear Motor

1.3.3 Gear Box

1.4 Market Analysis by Application

1.4.1 Overview: Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value by Application: 2018 Versus 2022 Versus 2029

1.4.2 Logistics

1.4.3 Machinery

1.4.4 Automobile

1.4.5 Others

1.5 Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Market Size & Forecast

1.5.1 Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value (2018 & 2022 & 2029)

1.5.2 Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity (2018-2029)

1.5.3 Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Average Price (2018-2029)

2 Manufacturers Profiles

2.1 SEW-EURODRIVE

2.1.1 SEW-EURODRIVE Details

2.1.2 SEW-EURODRIVE Major Business

2.1.3 SEW-EURODRIVE Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Product and Services

2.1.4 SEW-EURODRIVE Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)

2.1.5 SEW-EURODRIVE Recent Developments/Updates

2.2 Flender

2.2.1 Flender Details

2.2.2 Flender Major Business

2.2.3 Flender Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Product and Services

2.2.4 Flender Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)

2.2.5 Flender Recent Developments/Updates

2.3 Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd

2.3.1 Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd Details

2.3.2 Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd Major Business

2.3.3 Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Product and Services

2.3.4 Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)

2.3.5 Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd Recent Developments/Updates

2.4 NORD

2.4.1 NORD Details

2.4.2 NORD Major Business

2.4.3 NORD Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Product and Services

2.4.4 NORD Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)

2.4.5 NORD Recent Developments/Updates

2.5 Bonfiglioli

2.5.1 Bonfiglioli Details

2.5.2 Bonfiglioli Major Business

2.5.3 Bonfiglioli Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Product and Services

2.5.4 Bonfiglioli Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)

2.5.5 Bonfiglioli Recent Developments/Updates

2.6 Dana Motion Systems

2.6.1 Dana Motion Systems Details

2.6.2 Dana Motion Systems Major Business

2.6.3 Dana Motion Systems Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Product and Services

2.6.4 Dana Motion Systems Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)

2.6.5 Dana Motion Systems Recent Developments/Updates

2.7 JiangSu TaiLong Decelerator Machinery Co.,Ltd.

2.7.1 JiangSu TaiLong Decelerator Machinery Co.,Ltd. Details

2.7.2 JiangSu TaiLong Decelerator Machinery Co.,Ltd. Major Business

2.7.3 JiangSu TaiLong Decelerator Machinery Co.,Ltd. Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Product and Services

2.7.4 JiangSu TaiLong Decelerator Machinery Co.,Ltd. Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)

2.7.5 JiangSu TaiLong Decelerator Machinery Co.,Ltd. Recent Developments/Updates

2.8 JIE Group co.,LTD

2.8.1 JIE Group co.,LTD Details

2.8.2 JIE Group co.,LTD Major Business

2.8.3 JIE Group co.,LTD Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Product and Services

2.8.4 JIE Group co.,LTD Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)

2.8.5 JIE Group co.,LTD Recent Developments/Updates

2.9 Boneng Transmission (Suzhou) Co., Ltd

2.9.1 Boneng Transmission (Suzhou) Co., Ltd Details

2.9.2 Boneng Transmission (Suzhou) Co., Ltd Major Business

2.9.3 Boneng Transmission (Suzhou) Co., Ltd Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Product and Services

2.9.4 Boneng Transmission (Suzhou) Co., Ltd Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)

2.9.5 Boneng Transmission (Suzhou) Co., Ltd Recent Developments/Updates

2.10 DONLY

2.10.1 DONLY Details

2.10.2 DONLY Major Business

2.10.3 DONLY Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Product and Services

2.10.4 DONLY Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)

2.10.5 DONLY Recent Developments/Updates

2.11 Nanjing High Accurate Drive Equipment Manufacturing Group Co., Ltd

2.11.1 Nanjing High Accurate Drive Equipment Manufacturing Group Co., Ltd Details

2.11.2 Nanjing High Accurate Drive Equipment Manufacturing Group Co., Ltd Major Business

2.11.3 Nanjing High Accurate Drive Equipment Manufacturing Group Co., Ltd Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Product and Services

2.11.4 Nanjing High Accurate Drive Equipment Manufacturing Group Co., Ltd Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)

2.11.5 Nanjing High Accurate Drive Equipment Manufacturing Group Co., Ltd Recent Developments/Updates

2.12 Zhejiang Tongli Transmission Technology Co., Ltd

2.12.1 Zhejiang Tongli Transmission Technology Co., Ltd Details

2.12.2 Zhejiang Tongli Transmission Technology Co., Ltd Major Business

2.12.3 Zhejiang Tongli Transmission Technology Co., Ltd Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Product and Services

2.12.4 Zhejiang Tongli Transmission Technology Co., Ltd Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)

2.12.5 Zhejiang Tongli Transmission Technology Co., Ltd Recent Developments/Updates

2.13 Jiangyin Gearbox

2.13.1 Jiangyin Gearbox Details

2.13.2 Jiangyin Gearbox Major Business

2.13.3 Jiangyin Gearbox Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Product and Services

2.13.4 Jiangyin Gearbox Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)

2.13.5 Jiangyin Gearbox Recent Developments/Updates

2.14 Supror

2.14.1 Supror Details

2.14.2 Supror Major Business

2.14.3 Supror Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Product and Services

2.14.4 Supror Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)

2.14.5 Supror Recent Developments/Updates

2.15 FIXED STAR

2.15.1 FIXED STAR Details

2.15.2 FIXED STAR Major Business

2.15.3 FIXED STAR Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Product and Services

2.15.4 FIXED STAR Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)

2.15.5 FIXED STAR Recent Developments/Updates

3 Competitive Environment: Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor by Manufacturer

3.1 Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Manufacturer (2018-2023)

3.2 Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Revenue by Manufacturer (2018-2023)

3.3 Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Average Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)

3.4 Market Share Analysis (2022)

3.4.1 Producer Shipments of Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor by Manufacturer Revenue ($MM) and Market Share (%): 2022

3.4.2 Top 3 Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Manufacturer Market Share in 2022

3.4.2 Top 6 Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Manufacturer Market Share in 2022

3.5 Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Market: Overall Company Footprint Analysis

3.5.1 Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Market: Region Footprint

3.5.2 Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Market: Company Product Type Footprint

3.5.3 Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Market: Company Product Application Footprint

3.6 New Market Entrants and Barriers to Market Entry

3.7 Mergers, Acquisition, Agreements, and Collaborations

4 Consumption Analysis by Region

4.1 Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Market Size by Region

4.1.1 Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2029)

4.1.2 Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value by Region (2018-2029)

4.1.3 Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Average Price by Region (2018-2029)

4.2 North America Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value (2018-2029)

4.3 Europe Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value (2018-2029)

4.4 Asia-Pacific Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value (2018-2029)

4.5 South America Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value (2018-2029)

4.6 Middle East and Africa Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value (2018-2029)

5 Market Segment by Type

5.1 Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)

5.2 Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value by Type (2018-2029)

5.3 Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Average Price by Type (2018-2029)

6 Market Segment by Application

6.1 Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)

6.2 Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value by Application (2018-2029)

6.3 Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Average Price by Application (2018-2029)

7 North America

7.1 North America Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)

7.2 North America Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)

7.3 North America Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Market Size by Country

7.3.1 North America Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)

7.3.2 North America Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)

7.3.3 United States Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)

7.3.4 Canada Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)

7.3.5 Mexico Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)

8 Europe

8.1 Europe Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)

8.2 Europe Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)

8.3 Europe Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Market Size by Country

8.3.1 Europe Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)

8.3.2 Europe Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)

8.3.3 Germany Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)

8.3.4 France Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)

8.3.5 United Kingdom Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)

8.3.6 Russia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)

8.3.7 Italy Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)

9 Asia-Pacific

9.1 Asia-Pacific Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)

9.2 Asia-Pacific Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)

9.3 Asia-Pacific Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Market Size by Region

9.3.1 Asia-Pacific Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2029)

9.3.2 Asia-Pacific Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value by Region (2018-2029)

9.3.3 China Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)

9.3.4 Japan Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)

9.3.5 Korea Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)

9.3.6 India Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)

9.3.7 Southeast Asia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)

9.3.8 Australia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)

10 South America

10.1 South America Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)

10.2 South America Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)

10.3 South America Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Market Size by Country

10.3.1 South America Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)

10.3.2 South America Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)

10.3.3 Brazil Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)

10.3.4 Argentina Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)

11 Middle East & Africa

11.1 Middle East & Africa Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)

11.2 Middle East & Africa Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)

11.3 Middle East & Africa Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Market Size by Country

11.3.1 Middle East & Africa Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)

11.3.2 Middle East & Africa Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)

11.3.3 Turkey Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)

11.3.4 Egypt Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)

11.3.5 Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)

11.3.6 South Africa Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)

12 Market Dynamics

12.1 Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Market Drivers

12.2 Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Market Restraints

12.3 Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Trends Analysis

12.4 Porters Five Forces Analysis

12.4.1 Threat of New Entrants

12.4.2 Bargaining Power of Suppliers

12.4.3 Bargaining Power of Buyers

12.4.4 Threat of Substitutes

12.4.5 Competitive Rivalry

12.5 Influence of COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War

12.5.1 Influence of COVID-19

12.5.2 Influence of Russia-Ukraine War

13 Raw Material and Industry Chain

13.1 Raw Material of Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor and Key Manufacturers

13.2 Manufacturing Costs Percentage of Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor

13.3 Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Production Process

13.4 Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Industrial Chain

14 Shipments by Distribution Channel

14.1 Sales Channel

14.1.1 Direct to End-User

14.1.2 Distributors

14.2 Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Typical Distributors

14.3 Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Typical Customers

15 Research Findings and Conclusion

16 Appendix

16.1 Methodology

16.2 Research Process and Data Source

16.3 Disclaimer

List of Tables

Table 1. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value by Type, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029

Table 2. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value by Application, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029

Table 3. SEW-EURODRIVE Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table 4. SEW-EURODRIVE Major Business

Table 5. SEW-EURODRIVE Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Product and Services

Table 6. SEW-EURODRIVE Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (US$/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)

Table 7. SEW-EURODRIVE Recent Developments/Updates

Table 8. Flender Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table 9. Flender Major Business

Table 10. Flender Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Product and Services

Table 11. Flender Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (US$/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)

Table 12. Flender Recent Developments/Updates

Table 13. Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table 14. Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd Major Business

Table 15. Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Product and Services

Table 16. Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (US$/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)

Table 17. Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd Recent Developments/Updates

Table 18. NORD Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table 19. NORD Major Business

Table 20. NORD Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Product and Services

Table 21. NORD Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (US$/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)

Table 22. NORD Recent Developments/Updates

Table 23. Bonfiglioli Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table 24. Bonfiglioli Major Business

Table 25. Bonfiglioli Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Product and Services

Table 26. Bonfiglioli Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (US$/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)

Table 27. Bonfiglioli Recent Developments/Updates

Table 28. Dana Motion Systems Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table 29. Dana Motion Systems Major Business

Table 30. Dana Motion Systems Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Product and Services

Table 31. Dana Motion Systems Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (US$/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)

Table 32. Dana Motion Systems Recent Developments/Updates

Table 33. JiangSu TaiLong Decelerator Machinery Co.,Ltd. Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table 34. JiangSu TaiLong Decelerator Machinery Co.,Ltd. Major Business

Table 35. JiangSu TaiLong Decelerator Machinery Co.,Ltd. Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Product and Services

Table 36. JiangSu TaiLong Decelerator Machinery Co.,Ltd. Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (US$/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)

Table 37. JiangSu TaiLong Decelerator Machinery Co.,Ltd. Recent Developments/Updates

Table 38. JIE Group co.,LTD Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table 39. JIE Group co.,LTD Major Business

Table 40. JIE Group co.,LTD Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Product and Services

Table 41. JIE Group co.,LTD Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (US$/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)

Table 42. JIE Group co.,LTD Recent Developments/Updates

Table 43. Boneng Transmission (Suzhou) Co., Ltd Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table 44. Boneng Transmission (Suzhou) Co., Ltd Major Business

Table 45. Boneng Transmission (Suzhou) Co., Ltd Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Product and Services

Table 46. Boneng Transmission (Suzhou) Co., Ltd Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (US$/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)

Table 47. Boneng Transmission (Suzhou) Co., Ltd Recent Developments/Updates

Table 48. DONLY Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table 49. DONLY Major Business

Table 50. DONLY Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Product and Services

Table 51. DONLY Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (US$/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)

Table 52. DONLY Recent Developments/Updates

Table 53. Nanjing High Accurate Drive Equipment Manufacturing Group Co., Ltd Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table 54. Nanjing High Accurate Drive Equipment Manufacturing Group Co., Ltd Major Business

Table 55. Nanjing High Accurate Drive Equipment Manufacturing Group Co., Ltd Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Product and Services

Table 56. Nanjing High Accurate Drive Equipment Manufacturing Group Co., Ltd Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (US$/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)

Table 57. Nanjing High Accurate Drive Equipment Manufacturing Group Co., Ltd Recent Developments/Updates

Table 58. Zhejiang Tongli Transmission Technology Co., Ltd Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table 59. Zhejiang Tongli Transmission Technology Co., Ltd Major Business

Table 60. Zhejiang Tongli Transmission Technology Co., Ltd Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Product and Services

Table 61. Zhejiang Tongli Transmission Technology Co., Ltd Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (US$/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)

Table 62. Zhejiang Tongli Transmission Technology Co., Ltd Recent Developments/Updates

Table 63. Jiangyin Gearbox Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table 64. Jiangyin Gearbox Major Business

Table 65. Jiangyin Gearbox Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Product and Services

Table 66. Jiangyin Gearbox Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (US$/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)

Table 67. Jiangyin Gearbox Recent Developments/Updates

Table 68. Supror Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table 69. Supror Major Business

Table 70. Supror Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Product and Services

Table 71. Supror Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (US$/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)

Table 72. Supror Recent Developments/Updates

Table 73. FIXED STAR Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table 74. FIXED STAR Major Business

Table 75. FIXED STAR Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Product and Services

Table 76. FIXED STAR Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (US$/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)

Table 77. FIXED STAR Recent Developments/Updates

Table 78. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Manufacturer (2018-2023) & (K Units)

Table 79. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Revenue by Manufacturer (2018-2023) & (USD Million)

Table 80. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Average Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023) & (US$/Unit)

Table 81. Market Position of Manufacturers in Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor, (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3), Based on Consumption Value in 2022

Table 82. Head Office and Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Production Site of Key Manufacturer

Table 83. Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Market: Company Product Type Footprint

Table 84. Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Market: Company Product Application Footprint

Table 85. Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor New Market Entrants and Barriers to Market Entry

Table 86. Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Mergers, Acquisition, Agreements, and Collaborations

Table 87. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2023) & (K Units)

Table 88. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Region (2024-2029) & (K Units)

Table 89. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value by Region (2018-2023) & (USD Million)

Table 90. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value by Region (2024-2029) & (USD Million)

Table 91. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Average Price by Region (2018-2023) & (US$/Unit)

Table 92. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Average Price by Region (2024-2029) & (US$/Unit)

Table 93. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (K Units)

Table 94. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (K Units)

Table 95. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value by Type (2018-2023) & (USD Million)

Table 96. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value by Type (2024-2029) & (USD Million)

Table 97. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Average Price by Type (2018-2023) & (US$/Unit)

Table 98. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Average Price by Type (2024-2029) & (US$/Unit)

Table 99. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (K Units)

Table 100. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (K Units)

Table 101. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value by Application (2018-2023) & (USD Million)

Table 102. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value by Application (2024-2029) & (USD Million)

Table 103. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Average Price by Application (2018-2023) & (US$/Unit)

Table 104. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Average Price by Application (2024-2029) & (US$/Unit)

Table 105. North America Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (K Units)

Table 106. North America Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (K Units)

Table 107. North America Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (K Units)

Table 108. North America Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (K Units)

Table 109. North America Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2023) & (K Units)

Table 110. North America Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Country (2024-2029) & (K Units)

Table 111. North America Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value by Country (2018-2023) & (USD Million)

Table 112. North America Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value by Country (2024-2029) & (USD Million)

Table 113. Europe Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (K Units)

Table 114. Europe Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (K Units)

Table 115. Europe Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (K Units)

Table 116. Europe Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (K Units)

Table 117. Europe Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2023) & (K Units)

Table 118. Europe Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Country (2024-2029) & (K Units)

Table 119. Europe Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value by Country (2018-2023) & (USD Million)

Table 120. Europe Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value by Country (2024-2029) & (USD Million)

Table 121. Asia-Pacific Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (K Units)

Table 122. Asia-Pacific Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (K Units)

Table 123. Asia-Pacific Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (K Units)

Table 124. Asia-Pacific Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (K Units)

Table 125. Asia-Pacific Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2023) & (K Units)

Table 126. Asia-Pacific Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Region (2024-2029) & (K Units)

Table 127. Asia-Pacific Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value by Region (2018-2023) & (USD Million)

Table 128. Asia-Pacific Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value by Region (2024-2029) & (USD Million)

Table 129. South America Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (K Units)

Table 130. South America Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (K Units)

Table 131. South America Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (K Units)

Table 132. South America Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (K Units)

Table 133. South America Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2023) & (K Units)

Table 134. South America Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Country (2024-2029) & (K Units)

Table 135. South America Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value by Country (2018-2023) & (USD Million)

Table 136. South America Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value by Country (2024-2029) & (USD Million)

Table 137. Middle East & Africa Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (K Units)

Table 138. Middle East & Africa Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (K Units)

Table 139. Middle East & Africa Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (K Units)

Table 140. Middle East & Africa Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (K Units)

Table 141. Middle East & Africa Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2023) & (K Units)

Table 142. Middle East & Africa Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity by Region (2024-2029) & (K Units)

Table 143. Middle East & Africa Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value by Region (2018-2023) & (USD Million)

Table 144. Middle East & Africa Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value by Region (2024-2029) & (USD Million)

Table 145. Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Raw Material

Table 146. Key Manufacturers of Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Raw Materials

Table 147. Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Typical Distributors

Table 148. Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Typical Customers

List of Figures

Figure 1. Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Picture

Figure 2. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value by Type, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029

Figure 3. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value Market Share by Type in 2022

Figure 4. Gear Motor Examples

Figure 5. Gear Box Examples

Figure 6. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value by Application, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029

Figure 7. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value Market Share by Application in 2022

Figure 8. Logistics Examples

Figure 9. Machinery Examples

Figure 10. Automobile Examples

Figure 11. Others Examples

Figure 12. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value, (USD Million): 2018 & 2022 & 2029

Figure 13. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value and Forecast (2018-2029) & (USD Million)

Figure 14. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity (2018-2029) & (K Units)

Figure 15. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Average Price (2018-2029) & (US$/Unit)

Figure 16. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity Market Share by Manufacturer in 2022

Figure 17. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value Market Share by Manufacturer in 2022

Figure 18. Producer Shipments of Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor by Manufacturer Sales Quantity ($MM) and Market Share (%): 2021

Figure 19. Top 3 Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Manufacturer (Consumption Value) Market Share in 2022

Figure 20. Top 6 Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Manufacturer (Consumption Value) Market Share in 2022

Figure 21. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity Market Share by Region (2018-2029)

Figure 22. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value Market Share by Region (2018-2029)

Figure 23. North America Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)

Figure 24. Europe Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)

Figure 25. Asia-Pacific Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)

Figure 26. South America Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)

Figure 27. Middle East & Africa Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)

Figure 28. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)

Figure 29. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value Market Share by Type (2018-2029)

Figure 30. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Average Price by Type (2018-2029) & (US$/Unit)

Figure 31. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)

Figure 32. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value Market Share by Application (2018-2029)

Figure 33. Global Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Average Price by Application (2018-2029) & (US$/Unit)

Figure 34. North America Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)

Figure 35. North America Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)

Figure 36. North America Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity Market Share by Country (2018-2029)

Figure 37. North America Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value Market Share by Country (2018-2029)

Figure 38. United States Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)

Figure 39. Canada Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)

Figure 40. Mexico Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)

Figure 41. Europe Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)

Figure 42. Europe Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)

Figure 43. Europe Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity Market Share by Country (2018-2029)

Figure 44. Europe Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value Market Share by Country (2018-2029)

Figure 45. Germany Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)

Figure 46. France Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)

Figure 47. United Kingdom Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)

Figure 48. Russia Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)

Figure 49. Italy Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)

Figure 50. Asia-Pacific Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)

Figure 51. Asia-Pacific Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)

Figure 52. Asia-Pacific Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity Market Share by Region (2018-2029)

Figure 53. Asia-Pacific Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value Market Share by Region (2018-2029)

Figure 54. China Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)

Figure 55. Japan Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)

Figure 56. Korea Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)

Figure 57. India Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)

Figure 58. Southeast Asia Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)

Figure 59. Australia Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)

Figure 60. South America Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)

Figure 61. South America Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)

Figure 62. South America Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity Market Share by Country (2018-2029)

Figure 63. South America Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value Market Share by Country (2018-2029)

Figure 64. Brazil Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)

Figure 65. Argentina Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)

Figure 66. Middle East & Africa Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)

Figure 67. Middle East & Africa Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)

Figure 68. Middle East & Africa Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Sales Quantity Market Share by Region (2018-2029)

Figure 69. Middle East & Africa Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value Market Share by Region (2018-2029)

Figure 70. Turkey Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)

Figure 71. Egypt Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)

Figure 72. Saudi Arabia Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)

Figure 73. South Africa Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)

Figure 74. Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Market Drivers

Figure 75. Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Market Restraints

Figure 76. Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Market Trends

Figure 77. Porters Five Forces Analysis

Figure 78. Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor in 2022

Figure 79. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor

Figure 80. Gear Reducer and Gear Reducer Motor Industrial Chain

Figure 81. Sales Quantity Channel: Direct to End-User vs Distributors

Figure 82. Direct Channel Pros & Cons

Figure 83. Indirect Channel Pros & Cons

Figure 84. Methodology

Figure 85. Research Process and Data Source