The Auction House market report provides a detailed analysis of global market size, regional and country-level market size, segmentation market growth, market share, competitive Landscape, sales analysis, impact of domestic and global market players, value chain optimization, trade regulations, recent developments, opportunities analysis, strategic market growth analysis, product launches, area marketplace expanding, and technological innovations.
According to our latest study, due to COVID-19 pandemic, the global Auction House market size is estimated to be worth US$ million in 2021 and is forecast to a readjusted size of USD million by 2028 with a CAGR of % during review period. Government accounting for % of the Auction House global market in 2021, is projected to value USD million by 2028, growing at a % CAGR in next six years. While Online segment is altered to a % CAGR between 2022 and 2028.
Global key companies of Auction House include Sotheby, Christie, Nagel, David, and Phillips, etc. In terms of revenue, the global top four players hold a share over % in 2021.
Market segmentation
Auction House market is split by Type and by Application. For the period 2017-2028, the growth among segments provide accurate calculations and forecasts for revenue by Type and by Application. This analysis can help you expand your business by targeting qualified niche markets.
Market segment by Type, covers
Online
Offine
Market segment by Application, can be divided into
Government
Personal
Collecting Company
Other
Market segment by players, this report covers
Sotheby
Christie
Nagel
David
Phillips
Poly Group
China Guardian
Bonhams
Yong Xin
Bonhams
Ali
Market segment by regions, regional analysis covers
North America (United States, Canada, and Mexico)
Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia, Italy, and Rest of Europe)
Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, South Korea, India, Southeast Asia, Australia, and Rest of Asia-Pacific)
South America (Brazil, Argentina, Rest of South America)
Middle East & Africa (Turkey, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Rest of Middle East & Africa)
The content of the study subjects, includes a total of 12 chapters:
Chapter 1, to describe Auction House product scope, market overview, market opportunities, market driving force and market risks.
Chapter 2, to profile the top players of Auction House, with revenue, gross margin and global market share of Auction House from 2019 to 2022.
Chapter 3, the Auction House competitive situation, revenue and global market share of top players are analyzed emphatically by landscape contrast.
Chapter 4 and 5, to segment the market size by Type and application, with revenue and growth rate by Type, application, from 2017 to 2028.
Chapter 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, to break the market size data at the country level, with revenue and market share for key countries in the world, from 2017 to 2022.and Auction House market forecast, by regions, type and application, with revenue, from 2023 to 2028.
Chapter 11 and 12, to describe Auction House research findings and conclusion, appendix and data source.
The base year for the study has been considered 2019, historic year 2014 and 2018, the forecast period considered is from 2020 to 2027. The regions analyzed for the market include North America, Europe, South America, Asia Pacific, and Middle East and Africa. These regions are further analyzed at the country-level. The study also includes attractiveness analysis of type, application and regions which are benchmarked based on their market size, growth rate and attractiveness in terms of present and future opportunity for understanding the future growth of the market.
Market is segmented on the basis:
The report offers in-depth analysis of driving factors, opportunities, restraints, and challenges for gaining the key insight of the market. The report emphasizes on all the key trends that play a vital role in the enlargement of the market from 2019 to 2026.
The report provides company profile of the key players operating in the market and a comparative analysis based on their business overviews industry offering, segment market share, regional presence, business strategies, innovations, mergers & acquisitions, recent developments, joint venture, collaborations, partnerships, SWOT analysis, and key financial information.
1 Market Overview
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Auction House
1.2 Classification of Auction House by Type
1.2.1 Overview: Global Auction House Market Size by Type: 2017 Versus 2021 Versus 2028
1.2.2 Global Auction House Revenue Market Share by Type in 2021
1.2.3 Online
1.2.4 Offine
1.3 Global Auction House Market by Application
1.3.1 Overview: Global Auction House Market Size by Application: 2017 Versus 2021 Versus 2028
1.3.2 Government
1.3.3 Personal
1.3.4 Collecting Company
1.3.5 Other
1.4 Global Auction House Market Size & Forecast
1.5 Global Auction House Market Size and Forecast by Region
1.5.1 Global Auction House Market Size by Region: 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
1.5.2 Global Auction House Market Size by Region, (2017-2022)
1.5.3 North America Auction House Market Size and Prospect (2017-2028)
1.5.4 Europe Auction House Market Size and Prospect (2017-2028)
1.5.5 Asia-Pacific Auction House Market Size and Prospect (2017-2028)
1.5.6 South America Auction House Market Size and Prospect (2017-2028)
1.5.7 Middle East and Africa Auction House Market Size and Prospect (2017-2028)
1.6 Market Drivers, Restraints and Trends
1.6.1 Auction House Market Drivers
1.6.2 Auction House Market Restraints
1.6.3 Auction House Trends Analysis
2 Company Profiles
2.1 Sotheby
2.1.1 Sotheby Details
2.1.2 Sotheby Major Business
2.1.3 Sotheby Auction House Product and Solutions
2.1.4 Sotheby Auction House Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.1.5 Sotheby Recent Developments and Future Plans
2.2 Christie
2.2.1 Christie Details
2.2.2 Christie Major Business
2.2.3 Christie Auction House Product and Solutions
2.2.4 Christie Auction House Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.2.5 Christie Recent Developments and Future Plans
2.3 Nagel
2.3.1 Nagel Details
2.3.2 Nagel Major Business
2.3.3 Nagel Auction House Product and Solutions
2.3.4 Nagel Auction House Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.3.5 Nagel Recent Developments and Future Plans
2.4 David
2.4.1 David Details
2.4.2 David Major Business
2.4.3 David Auction House Product and Solutions
2.4.4 David Auction House Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.4.5 David Recent Developments and Future Plans
2.5 Phillips
2.5.1 Phillips Details
2.5.2 Phillips Major Business
2.5.3 Phillips Auction House Product and Solutions
2.5.4 Phillips Auction House Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.5.5 Phillips Recent Developments and Future Plans
2.6 Poly Group
2.6.1 Poly Group Details
2.6.2 Poly Group Major Business
2.6.3 Poly Group Auction House Product and Solutions
2.6.4 Poly Group Auction House Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.6.5 Poly Group Recent Developments and Future Plans
2.7 China Guardian
2.7.1 China Guardian Details
2.7.2 China Guardian Major Business
2.7.3 China Guardian Auction House Product and Solutions
2.7.4 China Guardian Auction House Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.7.5 China Guardian Recent Developments and Future Plans
2.8 Bonhams
2.8.1 Bonhams Details
2.8.2 Bonhams Major Business
2.8.3 Bonhams Auction House Product and Solutions
2.8.4 Bonhams Auction House Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.8.5 Bonhams Recent Developments and Future Plans
2.9 Yong Xin
2.9.1 Yong Xin Details
2.9.2 Yong Xin Major Business
2.9.3 Yong Xin Auction House Product and Solutions
2.9.4 Yong Xin Auction House Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.9.5 Yong Xin Recent Developments and Future Plans
2.10 Bonhams
2.10.1 Bonhams Details
2.10.2 Bonhams Major Business
2.10.3 Bonhams Auction House Product and Solutions
2.10.4 Bonhams Auction House Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.10.5 Bonhams Recent Developments and Future Plans
2.11 Ali
2.11.1 Ali Details
2.11.2 Ali Major Business
2.11.3 Ali Auction House Product and Solutions
2.11.4 Ali Auction House Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.11.5 Ali Recent Developments and Future Plans
3 Market Competition, by Players
3.1 Global Auction House Revenue and Share by Players (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
3.2 Market Concentration Rate
3.2.1 Top 3 Auction House Players Market Share in 2021
3.2.2 Top 10 Auction House Players Market Share in 2021
3.2.3 Market Competition Trend
3.3 Auction House Players Head Office, Products and Services Provided
3.4 Auction House Mergers & Acquisitions
3.5 Auction House New Entrants and Expansion Plans
4 Market Size Segment by Type
4.1 Global Auction House Revenue and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
4.2 Global Auction House Market Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
5 Market Size Segment by Application
5.1 Global Auction House Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
5.2 Global Auction House Market Forecast by Application (2023-2028)
6 North America by Country, by Type, and by Application
6.1 North America Auction House Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
6.2 North America Auction House Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
6.3 North America Auction House Market Size by Country
6.3.1 North America Auction House Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
6.3.2 United States Auction House Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
6.3.3 Canada Auction House Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
6.3.4 Mexico Auction House Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
7 Europe by Country, by Type, and by Application
7.1 Europe Auction House Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
7.2 Europe Auction House Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
7.3 Europe Auction House Market Size by Country
7.3.1 Europe Auction House Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
7.3.2 Germany Auction House Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
7.3.3 France Auction House Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
7.3.4 United Kingdom Auction House Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
7.3.5 Russia Auction House Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
7.3.6 Italy Auction House Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8 Asia-Pacific by Region, by Type, and by Application
8.1 Asia-Pacific Auction House Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
8.2 Asia-Pacific Auction House Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
8.3 Asia-Pacific Auction House Market Size by Region
8.3.1 Asia-Pacific Auction House Revenue by Region (2017-2028)
8.3.2 China Auction House Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.3 Japan Auction House Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.4 South Korea Auction House Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.5 India Auction House Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.6 Southeast Asia Auction House Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.7 Australia Auction House Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9 South America by Country, by Type, and by Application
9.1 South America Auction House Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
9.2 South America Auction House Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
9.3 South America Auction House Market Size by Country
9.3.1 South America Auction House Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
9.3.2 Brazil Auction House Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.3 Argentina Auction House Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
10 Middle East & Africa by Country, by Type, and by Application
10.1 Middle East & Africa Auction House Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
10.2 Middle East & Africa Auction House Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
10.3 Middle East & Africa Auction House Market Size by Country
10.3.1 Middle East & Africa Auction House Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
10.3.2 Turkey Auction House Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
10.3.3 Saudi Arabia Auction House Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
10.3.4 UAE Auction House Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11 Research Findings and Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Methodology
12.2 Research Process and Data Source
12.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
Table 1. Global Auction House Revenue by Type, (USD Million), 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
Table 2. Global Auction House Revenue by Application, (USD Million), 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
Table 3. Global Market Auction House Revenue (Million USD) Comparison by Region (2017 VS 2021 VS 2028)
Table 4. Global Auction House Revenue (USD Million) by Region (2017-2022)
Table 5. Global Auction House Revenue Market Share by Region (2023-2028)
Table 6. Sotheby Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors
Table 7. Sotheby Major Business
Table 8. Sotheby Auction House Product and Solutions
Table 9. Sotheby Auction House Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 10. Christie Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors
Table 11. Christie Major Business
Table 12. Christie Auction House Product and Solutions
Table 13. Christie Auction House Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 14. Nagel Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors
Table 15. Nagel Major Business
Table 16. Nagel Auction House Product and Solutions
Table 17. Nagel Auction House Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 18. David Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors
Table 19. David Major Business
Table 20. David Auction House Product and Solutions
Table 21. David Auction House Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 22. Phillips Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors
Table 23. Phillips Major Business
Table 24. Phillips Auction House Product and Solutions
Table 25. Phillips Auction House Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 26. Poly Group Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors
Table 27. Poly Group Major Business
Table 28. Poly Group Auction House Product and Solutions
Table 29. Poly Group Auction House Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 30. China Guardian Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors
Table 31. China Guardian Major Business
Table 32. China Guardian Auction House Product and Solutions
Table 33. China Guardian Auction House Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 34. Bonhams Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors
Table 35. Bonhams Major Business
Table 36. Bonhams Auction House Product and Solutions
Table 37. Bonhams Auction House Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 38. Yong Xin Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors
Table 39. Yong Xin Major Business
Table 40. Yong Xin Auction House Product and Solutions
Table 41. Yong Xin Auction House Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 42. Bonhams Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors
Table 43. Bonhams Major Business
Table 44. Bonhams Auction House Product and Solutions
Table 45. Bonhams Auction House Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 46. Ali Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors
Table 47. Ali Major Business
Table 48. Ali Auction House Product and Solutions
Table 49. Ali Auction House Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 50. Global Auction House Revenue (USD Million) by Players (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 51. Global Auction House Revenue Share by Players (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 52. Breakdown of Auction House by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)
Table 53. Auction House Players Head Office, Products and Services Provided
Table 54. Auction House Mergers & Acquisitions in the Past Five Years
Table 55. Auction House New Entrants and Expansion Plans
Table 56. Global Auction House Revenue (USD Million) by Type (2017-2022)
Table 57. Global Auction House Revenue Share by Type (2017-2022)
Table 58. Global Auction House Revenue Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
Table 59. Global Auction House Revenue by Application (2017-2022)
Table 60. Global Auction House Revenue Forecast by Application (2023-2028)
Table 61. North America Auction House Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 62. North America Auction House Revenue by Type (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 63. North America Auction House Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 64. North America Auction House Revenue by Application (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 65. North America Auction House Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 66. North America Auction House Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 67. Europe Auction House Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 68. Europe Auction House Revenue by Type (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 69. Europe Auction House Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 70. Europe Auction House Revenue by Application (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 71. Europe Auction House Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 72. Europe Auction House Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 73. Asia-Pacific Auction House Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 74. Asia-Pacific Auction House Revenue by Type (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 75. Asia-Pacific Auction House Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 76. Asia-Pacific Auction House Revenue by Application (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 77. Asia-Pacific Auction House Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 78. Asia-Pacific Auction House Revenue by Region (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 79. South America Auction House Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 80. South America Auction House Revenue by Type (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 81. South America Auction House Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 82. South America Auction House Revenue by Application (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 83. South America Auction House Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 84. South America Auction House Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 85. Middle East & Africa Auction House Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 86. Middle East & Africa Auction House Revenue by Type (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 87. Middle East & Africa Auction House Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 88. Middle East & Africa Auction House Revenue by Application (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 89. Middle East & Africa Auction House Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 90. Middle East & Africa Auction House Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
List of Figures
Figure 1. Auction House Picture
Figure 2. Global Auction House Revenue Market Share by Type in 2021
Figure 3. Online
Figure 4. Offine
Figure 5. Auction House Revenue Market Share by Application in 2021
Figure 6. Government Picture
Figure 7. Personal Picture
Figure 8. Collecting Company Picture
Figure 9. Other Picture
Figure 10. Global Auction House Market Size, (USD Million): 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
Figure 11. Global Auction House Revenue and Forecast (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 12. Global Auction House Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 13. Global Auction House Revenue Market Share by Region in 2021
Figure 14. North America Auction House Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (2017-2028)
Figure 15. Europe Auction House Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (2017-2028)
Figure 16. Asia-Pacific Auction House Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (2017-2028)
Figure 17. South America Auction House Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (2017-2028)
Figure 18. Middle East and Africa Auction House Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (2017-2028)
Figure 19. Auction House Market Drivers
Figure 20. Auction House Market Restraints
Figure 21. Auction House Market Trends
Figure 22. Sotheby Recent Developments and Future Plans
Figure 23. Christie Recent Developments and Future Plans
Figure 24. Nagel Recent Developments and Future Plans
Figure 25. David Recent Developments and Future Plans
Figure 26. Phillips Recent Developments and Future Plans
Figure 27. Poly Group Recent Developments and Future Plans
Figure 28. China Guardian Recent Developments and Future Plans
Figure 29. Bonhams Recent Developments and Future Plans
Figure 30. Yong Xin Recent Developments and Future Plans
Figure 31. Bonhams Recent Developments and Future Plans
Figure 32. Ali Recent Developments and Future Plans
Figure 33. Global Auction House Revenue Share by Players in 2021
Figure 34. Auction House Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) in 2021
Figure 35. Global Top 3 Players Auction House Revenue Market Share in 2021
Figure 36. Global Top 10 Players Auction House Revenue Market Share in 2021
Figure 37. Key Players Market Share Trend (Top 3 Market Share: 2020 VS 2021 VS 2022)
Figure 38. Global Auction House Revenue Share by Type in 2021
Figure 39. Global Auction House Market Share Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
Figure 40. Global Auction House Revenue Share by Application in 2021
Figure 41. Global Auction House Market Share Forecast by Application (2023-2028)
Figure 42. North America Auction House Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 43. North America Auction House Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 44. North America Auction House Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 45. United States Auction House Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 46. Canada Auction House Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 47. Mexico Auction House Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 48. Europe Auction House Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 49. Europe Auction House Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 50. Europe Auction House Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 51. Germany Auction House Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 52. France Auction House Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 53. United Kingdom Auction House Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 54. Russia Auction House Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 55. Italy Auction House Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 56. Asia-Pacific Auction House Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 57. Asia-Pacific Auction House Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 58. Asia-Pacific Auction House Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 59. China Auction House Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 60. Japan Auction House Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 61. South Korea Auction House Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 62. India Auction House Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 63. Southeast Asia Auction House Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 64. Australia Auction House Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 65. South America Auction House Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 66. South America Auction House Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 67. South America Auction House Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 68. Brazil Auction House Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 69. Argentina Auction House Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 70. Middle East and Africa Auction House Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 71. Middle East and Africa Auction House Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 72. Middle East and Africa Auction House Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 73. Turkey Auction House Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 74. Saudi Arabia Auction House Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 75. UAE Auction House Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 76. Methodology
Figure 77. Research Process and Data Source